What to Do When a Tenant Refuses to Pay Rent in Nigeria
Rent default is one of the most common issues landlords face in Nigeria. When a tenant stops paying rent, it can disrupt your income, affect property maintenance, and lead to legal battles if not handled properly.
Rather than reacting emotionally or illegally, here's a clear step-by-step guide on what to do if your tenant refuses to pay rent.
1. Confirm the Reason for Non-Payment
Before taking action, talk to your tenant. Find out if:
- There's a genuine financial difficulty
- There was a misunderstanding about payment dates
- They've chosen not to pay without cause
Why it matters: This helps you decide whether to offer a payment plan or proceed with formal action.
2. Review the Tenancy Agreement
Check your tenancy agreement to confirm:
- Payment terms
- Grace period (if any)
- Consequences for non-payment
- Notice period required before termination
Tip: A well-drafted agreement gives you legal leverage.
3. Serve a Formal Demand Letter
If the tenant still refuses to pay:
- Send a written demand letter reminding them of their obligation.
- State the amount owed and a deadline to pay (usually 7–14 days or as stated in tenancy agreement).
- Keep a copy for your records.
Note: In many Nigerian states, this is the first legal step before eviction.
4. Serve a Quit Notice
If rent remains unpaid after the demand letter:
Issue the appropriate Notice in accordance with the tenancy type:
- 7 days for tenants at will
- 1 month for monthly tenants
- 6 months for yearly tenants
Important: The notice must be properly served and documented. Always seek professional legal advice.
5. File for Eviction Through Court
If the tenant still refuses to leave:
- File a recovery of premises suit at the appropriate court in the property's jurisdiction.
- Include proof of the tenancy agreement, demand letter, and notice(s).
Never attempt forceful eviction—doing so is illegal and may backfire.
6. Avoid Future Issues
To prevent rent issues in the future:
- Use written agreements with clear rent terms
- Verify tenants thoroughly before renting
- Include clauses for default, interest on late payments, and notice periods
Handling rent disputes lawfully protects your rights and reputation as a landlord.
DocuProp empowers landlords, property managers and lawyers to effortlessly prepare and manage documents with the added benefit of our proprietary Quit Notice Support (QNS). This innovative solution allows you to serve quit notices both electronically and physically, anywhere across Nigeria.
